Ashtanga is a Sanskrit word, which is created by joining two words, ashta and
anga. Ashta means eight. Anga is translated as limbs or steps. Ashtanga Yoga
refers to the eight aspects of Yoga practice. Yoga is union. Yoga is a
tangible method of attaining liberation from suffering and ultimate
realization of supreme consciousness.
The eight aspects of Yoga practice are Yama(restraints), Niyama(observances),
Asana(posture), pranayama(breath control), Pratyahara(withdrawal of the
senses), Dharana(concentration), Dhyana(meditation) and Samadhi(absorption).
The Yamas are the moral codes, which free the mind and life of a yoga
practitioner from undesirable thoughts and feelings resulting from incorrect
actions. The Yamas include, Ahimsa(non-violence), Satya(truthfulness), Asteya(
non-theft), Brahmacharya(preserving vital energy) and Aparighraha(non-envy).
The Niyamas are those thoughts and activities, which promote a state of mind,
which is conducive to Yoga. The Niyamas include Saucha(cleanliness), Santosha(
contentment), Tapas(heat), Svadhyaya(study of the supreme), Ishvara
Pranidhana(surrender to the supreme).
The Asana practice is the gateway into the steps of Ashtanga Yoga. Asana
practice, which includes Pranayama, returns the body to a radiant state of
health and purifies the subtle energy body. This prepares the mind for
meditation and encourages dis-functional behaviour patterns to be abandoned.
The Ashtanga Vinyasa System, refers to a method of Yoga practice, which was
described in the Yoga Kurunta, by Vamana Rishi. It includes hundreds of
postures, which are sequentially linked by Vinyasa. Vinyasa is the breath-
initiated movement between postures. Three actions are emphasized in the
Ashtanga Vinyasa method. Bandhas(locks or energy seals), Dristi(the gaze or
looking place in each posture) and Oujaii Pranayama(a sound induced breath
applied to both the inhaling and exhaling breath).
When these principles are applied continuously, the Asana practice reveals
the culmination of Ashtanga Yoga.
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